2008 年買的 HP 伺服器，好像 BIOS 只能用 MBR，沒辦法用 GPT。可以建立 GPT，但是執行 mkfs.ext4 時，就會出現 I/O error。原來是懷疑 Seagate 的 8TB 硬碟有問題，換成 WD 的 4TB 的 NAS 碟，還是一樣死掉。
後來想到可能是 GPT 的問題，改用 MBR，卻無法建立超過 2TB 的磁區。好吧，那就用 LVM，可是卻只能建2個磁區，第3個就會一直抱怨 overlap。8TB 的硬碟只能用一半的空間，這怎能接受。後來看到 LVM 可以使用整個硬碟，不用建分割區，問題就完全解決。用 dmesg 看系統訊息，也完全不再有 error 的訊息，我本該懺悔，錯怪硬碟了。
但是，隔一晚之後，它還是死了。看看在硬碟上的註記，就能知道對這硬碟已經完全放棄了，而且非常生氣。
使用整顆硬碟來建立 LVM
建立 PV 及 VG
# [root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb
WARNING: dos signature detected on /dev/sdb at offset 510. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping dos signature on /dev/sdb.
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vg_dspace /dev/sdb
Volume group "vg_dspace" successfully created
檢視建立的 VG
# vgdisplay vg_dspace
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_dspace
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 8
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <7.28 TiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 1907721
Alloc PE / Size 1887437 / 7.20 TiB
Free PE / Size 20284 / 79.23 GiB
VG UUID MWcmt5-QcYs-TmOK-yEWD-O5O4-uH4L-vyYuhL
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G
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 7.2TB vg_dspace -n vc_dspace
Rounding up size to full physical extent 7.20 TiB
Logical volume "vc_dspace" created.
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_dspace/vc_dspace
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
241594368 inodes, 1932735488 blocks
96636774 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4081057792
58983 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
4096 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
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G
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 1.8T 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 1.8T 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /
├─centos-swap 253:1 0 6.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─centos-home 253:2 0 1.8T 0 lvm /home
sdb 8:16 0 7.3T 0 disk
└─vg_dspace-vc_dspace 253:3 0 7.2T 0 lvm
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
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[root@localhost ~]# lvremove /dev/vg_dspace/vc_dspace
Do you really want to remove active logical volume vg_dspace/vc_dspace? [y/n]: y
Logical volume "vc_dspace" successfully removed
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cfdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)
Disk Drive: /dev/sdb
Size: 4000787030016 bytes, 4000.7 GB
Heads: 25 Sectors per Track: 3 Cylinders: 104187162
Name Flags Part Type FS Type [Label] Size (MB)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sdb1 Primary Linux 2000300.01
sdb2 Primary Linux 2000487.03*
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partprobe
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[[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay vg_dspace
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_dspace
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size <3.64 TiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 953861
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 953861 / <3.64 TiB
VG UUID aLTwuw-I8Cc-JAhn-2wtB-9UQr-42Td-XuZHLk
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[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created.
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vg_dspace /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
Volume group "vg_dspace" successfully created
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[[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 3.64TB -n vc_dspace vg_dspace
Rounding up size to full physical extent 3.64 TiB
Volume group "vg_dspace" has insufficient free space (953861 extents): 954205 required.
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 3.635TB -n vc_dspace vg_dspace
Rounding up size to full physical extent <3.64 TiB
Logical volume "vc_dspace" created.
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[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_dspace/vc_dspace
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
243941376 inodes, 975763456 blocks
48788172 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=3124756480
29778 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:
Warning, had trouble writing out superblocks.
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[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_dspace/vc_dspace
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
243941376 inodes, 975763456 blocks
48788172 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=3124756480
29778 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:
Warning, had trouble writing out superblocks.
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[ 1761.247023] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: Write(16) 8a 00 00 00 00 00 e8 f1 a9 f0 00 00 02 98 00 00
[ 1761.247030] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 3908151792
[ 1761.256705] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Read Capacity(16) failed: Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 1761.256717] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense not available.
[ 1761.257615] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Read Capacity(10) failed: Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 1761.257621] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense not available.
[ 1761.257790] sdb: detected capacity change from 4000787030016 to 0
[ 1761.545493] VFS: Dirty inode writeback failed for block device dm-3 (err=-5).
[ 1827.839344] scsi_io_completion: 58 callbacks suppressed
[ 1827.839358] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 1827.839365] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: ATA command pass through(16) 85 06 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e5 00
[ 1846.090413] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 1846.090430] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: ATA command pass through(16) 85 06 2c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e5 00
.
後來，先在 3TB 的硬碟上裝好 CentOS 7，然後再用 LVM 擴充硬碟。在舊機器，最多只能支援 3TB 的硬碟。
# vgextend centos /dev/sdb1
umount /home
userdel agee
不支援 xfs
mkfs.ext4 /dev/centos/home
# lvreduce --resize --size 100G /dev/centos/home
# lvcreate -L 3.64TB -n dspace centos
修改 /etc/fstab，改用 ext4
useradd -g users -G lp,wheel,audio,cdrom -m john
passwd john
